Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term for a range of progressive respiratory diseases, most commonly emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is a long-term condition that progressively gets worse over time and is characterized by shortness of breath and a persistent cough. The primary causes of COPD are smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, but air pollution, industrial dust, and fumes can also contribute to the disease.
Lesley Williams, a Registered Respiratory Therapist at Apria with 35 years of experience, states, "Early detection and consistent management of COPD can significantly slow its progression, allowing individuals to maintain their quality of life. By understanding the stages and treatment options, patients can work closely with their healthcare providers to optimize their respiratory health and mitigate symptoms."
Since COPD is a progressive disease, early detection and treatment are critical in preventing its advancement. When you visit your physician for an assessment, they will determine how far along you are based on several tests and presenting symptoms.
COPD is divided into four stages, known as the GOLD grades, based on how much it impacts your breathing and the frequency of flare-ups.
COPD progresses at different rates for everyone. While the damage to lung function cannot be reversed, steps can be taken to slow the progression. Following a healthy lifestyle, receiving medical treatment as early as possible, and engaging in activities like exercise regimes tailored for COPD can help you manage the disease and maintain the best possible quality of life. With the proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, living well with COPD and mitigating its impact on your daily life is possible.
References
Association, American Lung. “Do You Know the Early Warning Signs of COPD?” American Lung Association, May 6, 2024.
Kandola, Aaron. “COPD Progression: Stages, Prognosis, and Causes.” Medical News Today, October 13, 2021.
Mayo Clinic Staff. “COPD.” Mayo Clinic, April 15, 2020.
Shaw, Janet G, Annalicia Vaughan, Annette G Dent, Phoebe E O’Hare, Felicia Goh, Rayleen V Bowman, Kwun M Fong, and Ian A Yang. “Biomarkers of Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).” U.S. National Library of Medicine, November 6, 2014.
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